The difference between graphitization and carbonization

 What is graphitization  

Graphhitization is an industrial process in which carbon is converted into graphite. This is a microstructural change in carbon or low-alloy steel, which is permanently exposed to temperatures of 425 to 550 degrees Celsius, such as a thousand hours. This is a brittleness. For example, the microstructure of carbon molybdenum steel usually contains beads (a mixture of ferrite and carburization). When the material is graphitized, it leads to the decomposition of the beads into ferrosomes and irregularly dispersed graphite. This results in embrittlement of the steel and a modest reduction in intensity when these graphite particles are randomly distributed throughout the matrix. However, we can prevent graphitization by using materials with higher resistance that are less sensitive to graphitization. In addition, we can modify the environment (e. g. by increasing pH or reducing chloride content. There is another method to prevent graphitization, which includes the use of a coating. Cathodic protection of cast iron.

 What is carbonization  

Carbonization is an industrial process, in which organic matter is converted into carbon. The organic compounds we consider here include plant and animal carcasses. This process occurs through destructive distillation. This is a pyrolysis reaction that is thought to be a complex process, in which we can observe many simultaneous chemical reactions. For example, dehydrogenation, condensation, hydrogen transfer, and isomerization. The carbonization process is different from that because it is a faster process because it reacts many orders of magnitude faster. Typically, the applied heat can control the degree of carbonization and the residual content of foreign elements. For example, the carbon content of the residue is about 90% weight at 1200K, while at about 1600K, the residue is about 99% weight. Usually, carbonization is an exothermic reaction, and we can hold it up, or we can use it as energy without any trace of carbon dioxide gas. However, if the biomaterials is exposed to sudden changes in heat (for example in a nuclear explosion), the material carbonates as soon as possible and becomes solid carbon.

 What's the difference between graphitization and carbonization   

Both graphitization and carbonization are two industrial processes, both involving carbon as a reactant or a product. But carbonization involves converting organic matter into carbon, while graphitization involves converting carbon into graphite. Thus, carbonization is a chemical change, while graphitization is a microstructural change.

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